Commands
boot
Booting singe user mode.
kernel ... single
clean
Clean file from comments and blank lines.
sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'
codepage
Change codepage of file.
convmv -f cp850 -t iso-8859-1 --notest * convmv -f utf8 -t iso8859-1 -r --notest *
cpio
Copy wanted partitions.
#!/bin/bash ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd /boot/ ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc )" | (cd /mnt/sysimage/boot ; cpio -idvuma ) ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd / ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc)" | (cd /mnt/sysimage ; cpio -idvuma ) # -o copy out mode. # -0 terminated by null character. # -Hnewc som storing format. # -i extract copy in mode. # -d make directories. # -v verbose. # -V print dot. # -u replace all files. # -m preserve modification time. # -a preserve access time.
crontab
crontab.
* * * * * command to be executed - - - - - | | | | | | | | | +----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0) | | | +------- month (1 - 12) | | +--------- day of month (1 - 31) | +----------- hour (0 - 23) +------------- min (0 - 59) 0 Sunday 1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 5 Friday 6 Saturday
cut
Cuf everything from field 5.
cut -f5- -d ' '
date
date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M' date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M
# date 033121422003.55 Mon Mar 31 21:42:55 PST 2003 date MMDDhhmmCCYY.ss
# date --date="+1000 years" +%C%y-%m-%d date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M TZ=CEST date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M
dhclient
[root@wall sysconfig]# cat /etc/dhclient.conf
interface "eth0" {
prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
supersede domain-name "bltprojektering.se";
}
diff
sdiff <(echo -e 'hej\nda\nvi\nses\ni\nmorgon') <(echo -e 'hej\ndå\nvi\nSES\ni\nmorgon')
which files differ between servers.
rsync -nrlptDqv --delete --exclude napsjb/server/naps/tmp/ /opt/ongame/ 10.6.21.11:/opt/ongame | less -n dry run. -r recursive -l copy symlinks av symlinks. -p preserve permission -t preserve tims. -D --device --special. Keep special files. -q quiet -v verbose
disk
disk usage
baobab
foremost
recover deleted files.
dvgrab
Capture dv material
dvgrab -f dv2 -i -showstatus -s 0 -timestamp California-2
e2fsck
Scan for bad blocks.
e2fsck -ycv /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
edid/ddc
startx -- -logverbose 5. The EDID information turns up in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.
ffmpeg
ffmpeg
ffmpeg -y -deinterlace -aspect 16:9 -author "Andreas Bjorklund" -title "Tanzania" -year 2007 -i Tanzania.m2t -acodec mp3 -vcodec mpeg4 -b 3000k -s 720x540 test.avi
find
Find exluding directory.
find . -wholename '/var/' -prune -o -ls
Find in only files.
find /opt/ongame/ -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /dev/null {} \;
Find text file in directoy execpt directory. Grep for text in that file and show it with colours in less.
find /opt/ongame/ -wholename '/opt/ongame/napsjb/server/naps/tmp' -prune -o -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '/fraud' /dev/null {} \; | less -SR
Find excluding svn.
find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -print
forward traffic
service x11
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/nc
server_args = 172.28.37.152 6000
}
grep
Colorize grep output.
grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /opt/ongame/
Show non comment lines ending with a blank.
find . -name '*.properties' -exec grep --color=always -E '^[^#].*\ $' {} \; | less -SR
grep ip addresses from message file.
sudo grep DHCP /var/log/messages | grep -oir --color=always '192\.168\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' | sort -u
keyboard
keymaps dumpkeys loadkeys sv-latin1 setxkbmap en
reset corrupt keyboard after using vmware.
setxkbmap
logging
bash create log.
#!/bin/bash exec > /logfile
alternative
exec 2>/tmp/log
Read logs on system.
tail -f $(lsof | grep log$ |awk '{ print $NF }' | sort -u |xargs)
lshw
Is cpu 32 or 64bit.
lshw -class processor
command line mail with attachment
mutt -a syslogs.tar.gz admin@domain.org < /dev/null
command line mail with changed from
echo -en "\nAndreas is playing\nwith mail\nPlease take care." | /bin/mail -s "Subject written by Andreas" "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org" -- -f "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org"
man
man correct caracters.
LANG=C man passwd
man clean for output to file.
man [manual] | col -b > file.txt
mbr
backup mbr.
# dd if=/dev/sdX of=/temp/sdx-mbr bs=512 count=1
restore mbr
# dd if=/temp/sdx-mbr of=/dev/sdX bs=446 count=1
mplayer
mplayer in ascii mode.
mplayer -monitoraspect 4:3 -vo aa LinaFreestyler.avi
mplayer on second soundcard.
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp *.mp3 mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.0 *.mp3
Or, to specify a non-default (secondary) device either of the following commands can be used.
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 *.mp3 mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=1.0 *.mp3
play from v4l
mplayer -tv device=/dev/video:driver=v4l:input=1:width=640:height=480:norm=ntsc:adevice=/dev/dsp tv://1 -zoom -aspect 4:3
play hdv material.
mplayer -monitoraspect 16:9 -vf pp=lb
netcat
- Check communication.
listen on port 3333.
nc -l 3333
talk to port 3333.
nc 192.168.0.1 3333
- Transfer data.
Cat file, calculate size listen on port 3333.
cat backup.iso | pv -b | nc -l 3333
Receive file.
nc 192.168.0.1 3333 | pv -b > backup.iso
- Setup telnet server
nc -L -l -p1234 -d -e cmd.exe
- Test connection.
nc -w2 -znv 10.1.22.31 7222
ntfs-3g
mount ntfs filesystem. read and write.
yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222,locale=en_US mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000,locale=en_US fstab read and write. /dev/sda3 /media/e_drive ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive ntfs-3g rw,defaults,umask=0000 0 0
putty
set up tunnel
putty -l bjorklun -pw password -L 19242:192.168.0.42:3389 blt.homeip.net
numbers
series of numbers
bash:
echo {1..10}
rpm
install src.rpm
rpmbuild --rebuild alien-6.51-1.src.rpm rpm -i /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/alien-6.51-1.rpm
List contents of rpm.
rpm -qlp myfile.rpm
Extract contents of rpm.
rpm2cpio *.rpm | cpio -i --make-directories
Which version of rpm is installed. /etc/rpm/macros
%_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}
List only name of installed rpms.
rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"
Extract rpms in subdirectories.
for RPM in $(ls *|sed 's_\.rpm$__g');do echo $RPM; mkdir $RPM; rpm2cpio $RPM.rpm | (cd $RPM && cpio -i --make-directories);done
Patch
Update release area Windows.
servicepack.exe -s:z:\w2k3
rsync
Syncronize folders. Delete non existing files on remote host. Compress.
rsync --delete -az -e ssh bjorklun@semco.homeip.net:/install/program/windows/
Syncronize files over ssh on port 2222. Show progress. Syncronize even empty directories.
rsync -Pae 'ssh -p 2222' localhost:/opt/techops/bin/ /opt/techops/bin/
ssh
Automated login on a user basis via ssh.
ssh-keygen -t dsa Generate personal ssh keys. cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys Copy your personal ssh key to all machines. chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys Verify correct access on files.
Tunnel
ssh -nNTx -R 2222:localhost:22 andreasbj@www.halfface.se -n Dont take console. Good for background. -N Do not execute a remote command -T Disable pseudo-tty allocation. -x Disables X11 forwarding. -R port:host:hostport ssh -N -L 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se ssh -nNTx -R 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se ssh -nNTx -R 443:satellite.ongame.com:443 root@10.0.254.30 # Tunnel 443 over ssh from remote host via local host.
reboot
Hard reboot mean that shutdown scripts will not run and machine reboot immediately without syncing hard disk drives, shutdown applications etc. echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger This commands enable sysrq and after this call fast reboot. If you want to force shutdown machine try this.
Force shutdown
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger
vi
:set ignorecase :set list show all keys. :set nolist show their representative.
touch
touch -am 0910120003 Give a new access time on a file 0910120003MMDDhhmmyy
linux
touch -t 197102162324 *
tcpdump
dump trafic information, -e Print the link-level header on each dump line, -vvv verbose.
tcpdump -e -vvv port 21
dump all trafic to and from machine. -w write to file, -s0 size of package, host to listen from.
time tcpdump -w ssl_dump -s0 host test.x30.webservices.itsfogo.com
dump all trafic into files of max 100MB. 270MB in reality.
sudo tcpdump -w snoop -s0 -C 100000000
search&replace
perl
grep -rsl '10.6.4.102' * | xargs perl -pi -e 's/10.6.4.102/10.6.4.103/'
sed
find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/string1/string2/g' {} \;
Grep for regexp starting with CN= and stop at first occurrence of ,.
grep -oE 'CN=[^,]*,'
pulse audio
sudo /sbin/alsactl restore
printscreen
import -window root test.png
xargs
locate -ir ".*\.crt$" | xargs -i -t cp {} /temp/ssl/
sort
Sort ip address.
sort -t. +0n -1 +1n -2 +2n -3 +3n -4 <ip.list > ip.list.sort
zip
Zip directory exclude files .svn directory.
zip -r /temp/ssl.zip . -x ".svn/*"
password cracking
hydra -l root -P /etc/passwdknown -t 5 192.168.29.62 ssh2