Commands
boot
Booting singe user mode.
kernel ... single
clean
Clean file from comments and blank lines.
sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'
codepage
Change codepage of file.
convmv -f cp850 -t iso-8859-1 --notest * convmv -f utf8 -t iso8859-1 -r --notest *
cpio
Copy wanted partitions.
#!/bin/bash ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd /boot/ ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc )" | (cd /mnt/sysimage/boot ; cpio -idvuma ) ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd / ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc)" | (cd /mnt/sysimage ; cpio -idvuma ) # -o copy out mode. # -0 terminated by null character. # -Hnewc som storing format. # -i extract copy in mode. # -d make directories. # -v verbose. # -V print dot. # -u replace all files. # -m preserve modification time. # -a preserve access time.
crontab
crontab.
* * * * * command to be executed - - - - - | | | | | | | | | +----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0) | | | +------- month (1 - 12) | | +--------- day of month (1 - 31) | +----------- hour (0 - 23) +------------- min (0 - 59) 0 Sunday 1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 5 Friday 6 Saturday
cut
Cuf everything from field 5.
cut -f5- -d ' '
date
date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M' date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M
# date 033121422003.55 Mon Mar 31 21:42:55 PST 2003 date MMDDhhmmCCYY.ss
# date --date="+1000 years" +%C%y-%m-%d date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M TZ=CEST date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M
dhclient
[root@wall sysconfig]# cat /etc/dhclient.conf
interface "eth0" {
prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
supersede domain-name "bltprojektering.se";
}
diff
sdiff <(echo -e 'hej\nda\nvi\nses\ni\nmorgon') <(echo -e 'hej\ndå\nvi\nSES\ni\nmorgon')
which files differ between servers.
rsync -nrlptDqv --delete --exclude napsjb/server/naps/tmp/ /opt/ongame/ 10.6.21.11:/opt/ongame | less -n dry run. -r recursive -l copy symlinks av symlinks. -p preserve permission -t preserve tims. -D --device --special. Keep special files. -q quiet -v verbose
disk
disk usage
baobab
foremost
recover deleted files.
display
Change resolution
xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1280x800
dvgrab
Capture dv material
dvgrab -f dv2 -i -showstatus -s 0 -timestamp California-2
e2fsck
Scan for bad blocks.
e2fsck -ycv /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
edid/ddc
startx -- -logverbose 5. The EDID information turns up in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.
encryption
Simple encryption decryption.
gpg -c --force-mdc /temp/shadow echo "$(gpg -qd /temp/shadow.gpg)"
ffmpeg
ffmpeg
ffmpeg -y -deinterlace -aspect 16:9 -author "Andreas Bjorklund" -title "Tanzania" -year 2007 -i Tanzania.m2t -acodec mp3 -vcodec mpeg4 -b 3000k -s 720x540 test.avi
find
Find exluding directory.
find . -wholename '/var/' -prune -o -ls
Find in only files.
find /opt/ongame/ -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /dev/null {} \;
Find text file in directoy execpt directory. Grep for text in that file and show it with colours in less.
find /opt/ongame/ -wholename '/opt/ongame/napsjb/server/naps/tmp' -prune -o -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '/fraud' /dev/null {} \; | less -SR
Find excluding svn.
find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -print
forward traffic
service x11
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/nc
server_args = 172.28.37.152 6000
}
grep
Colorize grep output.
grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /opt/ongame/
Show non comment lines ending with a blank.
find . -name '*.properties' -exec grep --color=always -E '^[^#].*\ $' {} \; | less -SR
grep ip addresses from message file.
sudo grep DHCP /var/log/messages | grep -oir --color=always '192\.168\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' | sort -u
keyboard
keymaps dumpkeys loadkeys sv-latin1 setxkbmap en
reset corrupt keyboard after using vmware.
setxkbmap
lastb
Show failed ssh logins.
lastb
logging
bash create log.
#!/bin/bash exec > /logfile
alternative
exec 2>/tmp/log
Read logs on system.
tail -f $(lsof | grep log$ |awk '{ print $NF }' | sort -u |xargs)
lshw
Is cpu 32 or 64bit.
lshw -class processor
Put the followin in .muttrc to change From.
set realname="Joe User" set from="user@host" set use_from=yes
command line mail with attachment
mutt -s subject -a syslogs.tar.gz admin@domain.org < /dev/null
command line mail with changed from
echo -en "\nAndreas is playing\nwith mail\nPlease take care." | /bin/mail -s "Subject written by Andreas" "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org" -- -f "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org"
man
man correct caracters.
LANG=C man passwd
man clean for output to file.
man [manual] | col -b > file.txt
mbr
backup mbr.
# dd if=/dev/sdX of=/temp/sdx-mbr bs=512 count=1
restore mbr
# dd if=/temp/sdx-mbr of=/dev/sdX bs=446 count=1
mplayer
mplayer in ascii mode.
mplayer -monitoraspect 4:3 -vo aa LinaFreestyler.avi
mplayer on second soundcard.
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp *.mp3 mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.0 *.mp3
Or, to specify a non-default (secondary) device either of the following commands can be used.
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 *.mp3 mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=1.0 *.mp3
play from v4l
mplayer -tv device=/dev/video:driver=v4l:input=1:width=640:height=480:norm=ntsc:adevice=/dev/dsp tv://1 -zoom -aspect 4:3
play hdv material.
mplayer -monitoraspect 16:9 -vf pp=lb
netcat
- Check communication.
listen on port 3333.
nc -l 3333
talk to port 3333.
nc 192.168.0.1 3333
- Transfer data.
Cat file, calculate size listen on port 3333.
cat backup.iso | pv -b | nc -l 3333
Receive file.
nc 192.168.0.1 3333 | pv -b > backup.iso
- Setup telnet server
nc -L -l -p1234 -d -e cmd.exe
- Test connection.
nc -w2 -znv 10.1.22.31 7222
ntfs-3g
mount ntfs filesystem. read and write.
yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222,locale=en_US mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000,locale=en_US fstab read and write. /dev/sda3 /media/e_drive ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive ntfs-3g rw,defaults,umask=0000 0 0
numbers
series of numbers
bash:
echo {1..10}
password cracking
hydra -l root -P /etc/passwdknown -t 5 192.168.29.62 ssh2
patch
Update release area Windows.
servicepack.exe -s:z:\w2k3
printscreen
import -window root test.png
pulse audio
sudo /sbin/alsactl restore
putty
set up tunnel
putty -l bjorklun -pw password -L 19242:192.168.0.42:3389 blt.homeip.net
reboot
Hard reboot mean that shutdown scripts will not run and machine reboot immediately without syncing hard disk drives, shutdown applications etc. echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger This commands enable sysrq and after this call fast reboot. If you want to force shutdown machine try this.
Force shutdown
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger
rpm
install src.rpm
rpmbuild --rebuild alien-6.51-1.src.rpm rpm -i /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/alien-6.51-1.rpm
List contents of rpm.
rpm -qlp myfile.rpm
Extract contents of rpm.
rpm2cpio *.rpm | cpio -i --make-directories
Which version of rpm is installed. /etc/rpm/macros
%_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}
List only name of installed rpms.
rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"
Extract rpms in subdirectories.
for RPM in $(ls *|sed 's_\.rpm$__g');do echo $RPM; mkdir $RPM; rpm2cpio $RPM.rpm | (cd $RPM && cpio -i --make-directories);done
rsync
Syncronize folders. Delete non existing files on remote host. Compress.
rsync --delete -az -e ssh bjorklun@semco.homeip.net:/install/program/windows/
Syncronize files over ssh on port 2222. Show progress. Syncronize even empty directories.
rsync -Pae 'ssh -p 2222' localhost:/opt/techops/bin/ /opt/techops/bin/
search&replace
perl
grep -rsl '10.6.4.102' * | xargs perl -pi -e 's/10.6.4.102/10.6.4.103/'
sed
find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/string1/string2/g' {} \;
Grep for regexp starting with CN= and stop at first occurrence of ,.
grep -oE 'CN=[^,]*,'
sort
Sort ip address.
sort -t. +0n -1 +1n -2 +2n -3 +3n -4 <ip.list > ip.list.sort
ssh
Automated login on a user basis via ssh.
ssh-keygen -t dsa Generate personal ssh keys. cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys Copy your personal ssh key to all machines. chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys Verify correct access on files.
Tunnel
ssh -nNTx -R 2222:localhost:22 andreasbj@www.halfface.se -n Dont take console. Good for background. -N Do not execute a remote command -T Disable pseudo-tty allocation. -x Disables X11 forwarding. -R port:host:hostport ssh -N -L 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se ssh -nNTx -R 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se ssh -nNTx -R 443:satellite.ongame.com:443 root@10.0.254.30 # Tunnel 443 over ssh from remote host via local host.
tcpdump
dump trafic information, -e Print the link-level header on each dump line, -vvv verbose.
tcpdump -e -vvv port 21
dump all trafic to and from machine. -w write to file, -s0 size of package, host to listen from.
time tcpdump -w ssl_dump -s0 host test.x30.webservices.itsfogo.com
dump all trafic into files of max 100MB. 270MB in reality.
sudo tcpdump -w snoop -s0 -C 100000000
top derivates
apachetop dnstop iftop
touch
touch -am 0910120003 Give a new access time on a file 0910120003MMDDhhmmyy
linux
touch -t 197102162324 *
vi
:set ignorecase :set list show all keys. :set nolist show their representative.
xargs
locate -ir ".*\.crt$" | xargs -i -t cp {} /temp/ssl/
zip
Zip directory exclude files .svn directory.
zip -r /temp/ssl.zip . -x ".svn/*"