Commands

boot

Booting singe user mode.

kernel ... single

bootchart

Analyze startup times.

bootgraph

How to use.

Kernel later than 2.6.28
kernel option initcall_debug
dmesg | /usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.28-11-generic/scripts/bootgraph.pl > /tmp/bootgraph.svg

clean

Clean file from comments and blank lines.

sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'

codepage

Change codepage of file.

convmv -f cp850 -t iso-8859-1 --notest *
convmv -f utf8 -t iso8859-1 -r --notest *

cpio

Copy wanted partitions.

#!/bin/bash
ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd /boot/ ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc )" | (cd /mnt/sysimage/boot ; cpio -idvuma )
ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd / ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc)" | (cd /mnt/sysimage ; cpio -idvuma )
# -o copy out mode.
# -0 terminated by null character.
# -Hnewc som storing format.
# -i extract copy in mode.
# -d make directories.
# -v verbose.
# -V print dot.
# -u replace all files.
# -m preserve modification time.
# -a preserve access time.

crontab

crontab.

* * * * *  command to be executed
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | +----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
| | | +------- month (1 - 12)
| | +--------- day of month (1 - 31)
| +----------- hour (0 - 23)
+------------- min (0 - 59)
0 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday

Start program under crontab.

#!/bin/bash
COMMAND="screen -L -d -m ping www.dn.se"
if [ "$(ps -ef | grep -i ping | grep -v grep)" ]
then
  echo "\"${COMMAND}\" already running."
else
  echo "Starting \"${COMMAND}\"."
  cd /tmp
  ${COMMAND}
fi

cut

Cuf everything from field 5.

cut -f5- -d ' '

date

date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'
date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M

# date 033121422003.55
Mon Mar 31 21:42:55 PST 2003
date MMDDhhmmCCYY.ss

# 
date --date="+1000 years" +%C%y-%m-%d
date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M
TZ=CEST date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M

dhclient

[root@wall sysconfig]# cat /etc/dhclient.conf

interface "eth0" {
         prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
         supersede domain-name "bltprojektering.se";
}

diff

sdiff <(echo -e 'hej\nda\nvi\nses\ni\nmorgon') <(echo -e 'hej\ndå\nvi\nSES\ni\nmorgon')

which files differ between servers.

rsync -nrlptDqv --delete --exclude napsjb/server/naps/tmp/ /opt/ongame/ 10.6.21.11:/opt/ongame | less
-n dry run.
-r recursive
-l copy symlinks av symlinks.
-p preserve permission
-t preserve tims.
-D --device --special. Keep special files.
-q quiet
-v verbose

disk

disk usage

baobab

foremost

recover deleted files.

display

Change resolution

xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1280x800

Query graphics card capabilities.

xrandr -q

dvgrab

Capture dv material

dvgrab -f dv2 -i -showstatus -s 0 -timestamp California-2

e2fsck

Scan for bad blocks.

e2fsck -ycv /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

edid/ddc

startx -- -logverbose 5.
The EDID information turns up in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

encryption

Simple encryption decryption.

gpg -c --force-mdc /temp/shadow
echo "$(gpg -qd /temp/shadow.gpg)"

ffmpeg

ffmpeg

ffmpeg -y -deinterlace -aspect 16:9 -author "Andreas Bjorklund" -title "Tanzania" -year 2007 -i Tanzania.m2t -acodec mp3 -vcodec mpeg4 -b 3000k -s 720x540 test.avi

Create swf/flv from mpeg2 stream

ffmpeg -deinterlace -i VTS_01_1.VOB -ab 56 -ar 22050 -b 500000 -r 15 -s 360x288  sisyfos.swf

find

Find exluding directory.

find . -wholename '/var/' -prune -o -ls

Find in only files.

find /opt/ongame/ -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /dev/null {} \;

Find text file in directoy execpt directory. Grep for text in that file and show it with colours in less.

find /opt/ongame/ -wholename '/opt/ongame/napsjb/server/naps/tmp' -prune -o -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '/fraud' /dev/null {} \; | less -SR

Find excluding svn.

find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -print

forward traffic

service x11
{
        disable = no
        socket_type = stream
        protocol = tcp
        wait = no
        user = root
        server = /usr/bin/nc
        server_args = 172.28.37.152 6000
}

grep

Colorize grep output.

grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /opt/ongame/

Show non comment lines ending with a blank.

find . -name '*.properties' -exec grep --color=always -E '^[^#].*\ $' {} \; | less -SR

grep ip addresses from message file.

sudo grep DHCP /var/log/messages | grep -oir --color=always '192\.168\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' | sort -u

keyboard

keymaps 
dumpkeys
loadkeys sv-latin1
setxkbmap en

reset corrupt keyboard after using vmware.

setxkbmap

lastb

Show failed ssh logins.

lastb

lock

locking keyboard under linux.

lock-keyboard-for-baby

logging

bash create log.

#!/bin/bash
exec > /logfile

alternative

exec 2>/tmp/log

Read logs on system.

tail -f $(lsof | grep log$ |awk '{ print $NF }' | sort -u |xargs)

lshw

Is cpu 32 or 64bit.

lshw -class processor

mail

Put the followin in .muttrc to change From.

set realname="Joe User"
set from="user@host"
set use_from=yes

command line mail with attachment

mutt -s subject -a syslogs.tar.gz admin@domain.org < /dev/null

command line mail with changed from

echo -en "\nAndreas is playing\nwith mail\nPlease take care." | /bin/mail -s "Subject written by Andreas" "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org" -- -f "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org"
echo "#MESSAGES# This is the message. #MESSAGE#" | mailx -s "#SUBJECT# This is the subject. #SUBJECT#" 0XXXXXXX@sms.tele2.se -- -r anden@halfface.se

man

man correct caracters.

LANG=C man passwd

man clean for output to file.

man [manual] | col -b > file.txt

mbr

backup mbr.

# dd if=/dev/sdX of=/temp/sdx-mbr bs=512 count=1

restore mbr

# dd if=/temp/sdx-mbr of=/dev/sdX bs=446 count=1

mogrify

Resize, crop... a file. Removes original.

mogrify -resize 800 *.jpg

mplayer

mplayer in ascii mode.

mplayer -monitoraspect 4:3 -vo aa LinaFreestyler.avi

mplayer on second soundcard.

mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp *.mp3
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.0 *.mp3

Or, to specify a non-default (secondary) device either of the following commands can be used.

mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 *.mp3
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=1.0 *.mp3

play from v4l

mplayer -tv device=/dev/video:driver=v4l:input=1:width=640:height=480:norm=ntsc:adevice=/dev/dsp tv://1 -zoom -aspect 4:3

play hdv material.

mplayer -monitoraspect 16:9 -vf pp=lb

netcat

• Check communication.

listen on port 3333.

nc -l 3333

talk to port 3333.

nc 192.168.0.1 3333

• Transfer data.

Cat file, calculate size listen on port 3333.

cat backup.iso | pv -b | nc -l 3333

Receive file.

nc 192.168.0.1 3333 | pv -b > backup.iso

• Setup telnet server

nc -L -l -p1234 -d -e cmd.exe

• Test connection.

nc -w2 -znv 10.1.22.31 7222

ntfs-3g

mount ntfs filesystem. read and write.

yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g
mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222,locale=en_US
mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000,locale=en_US
fstab read and write.
/dev/sda3   /media/e_drive     ntfs-3g    ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0
/dev/sda1   /media/c_drive     ntfs-3g    rw,defaults,umask=0000 0 0

numbers

series of numbers

bash:
echo {1..10}

password cracking

hydra -l root -P /etc/passwdknown -t 5 192.168.29.62 ssh2

patch

Update release area Windows.

servicepack.exe -s:z:\w2k3

printscreen

import -window root test.png

pulse audio

sudo /sbin/alsactl restore

putty

set up tunnel

putty -l bjorklun -pw password -L 19242:192.168.0.42:3389 blt.homeip.net

reboot

Hard reboot mean that shutdown scripts will not run and machine reboot immediately without syncing hard disk drives, shutdown applications etc.
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger
This commands enable sysrq and after this call fast reboot. If you want to force shutdown machine try this.

Force shutdown

echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 
echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger

rpm

install src.rpm

rpmbuild --rebuild alien-6.51-1.src.rpm
rpm -i /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/alien-6.51-1.rpm

List contents of rpm.

rpm -qlp myfile.rpm

Extract contents of rpm.

rpm2cpio *.rpm | cpio -i --make-directories

Which version of rpm is installed. /etc/rpm/macros

%_query_all_fmt         %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

List only name of installed rpms.

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"

Extract rpms in subdirectories.

for RPM in $(ls *|sed 's_\.rpm$__g');do echo $RPM; mkdir $RPM; rpm2cpio $RPM.rpm | (cd $RPM && cpio -i --make-directories);done

screen

Start program in screen.

screen -d -m 

rsync

Syncronize folders. Delete non existing files on remote host. Compress.

rsync --delete -az -e ssh bjorklun@semco.homeip.net:/install/program/windows/

Syncronize files over ssh on port 2222. Show progress. Syncronize even empty directories.

rsync -Pae 'ssh -p 2222' localhost:/opt/techops/bin/ /opt/techops/bin/

Run rsync in both ends but transfer data with normal user.

sudo rsync -aP /tmp/andreas/ andreasbj@localhost:/tmp/andreas2/ --rsync-path='sudo rsync'

search&replace

perl

grep -rsl '10.6.4.102' * | xargs perl -pi -e 's/10.6.4.102/10.6.4.103/'

sed

find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/string1/string2/g' {} \;

Grep for regexp starting with CN= and stop at first occurrence of ,.

grep -oE 'CN=[^,]*,'

sms

Mail to sms gateway.

tele2
07XXXXXXXX@sms.tele2.se

Comviq
467xxxxxxxx@sms.comviq.se

Europolitan
4670xxxxxxx@europolitan.se

sort

Sort ip address.

sort -t. +0n -1 +1n -2 +2n -3 +3n -4 <ip.list > ip.list.sort

ssh

Automated login on a user basis via ssh.

ssh-keygen -t dsa                    Generate personal ssh keys.
cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys   Copy your personal ssh key to all machines.
chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys    Verify correct access on files.
ssh andreasbj@www.halfface.se "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" <  /home/andreasbj/.ssh/id_dsa.pub

Tunnel

sudo ssh -nNTx -R 2222:localhost:22 andreasbj@www.halfface.se
-n	Dont take console. Good for background.
-N	Do not execute a remote command
-T	Disable pseudo-tty allocation.
-x	Disables X11 forwarding.
-R port:host:hostport
sudo ssh -N -L 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se
sudo ssh -nNTx -R 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se
sudo ssh -nNTx -R 443:satellite.ongame.com:443 root@10.0.254.30 # Tunnel 443 over ssh from remote host via local host.

tar

Make a backup of a directory or disk.

server: tar -cpsf - $dir | pv -b | nc -l 3333
client: nc server 3333 | pv -b | tar -xpst -

tcpdump

dump trafic information, -e Print the link-level header on each dump line, -vvv verbose.

tcpdump -e -vvv port 21

dump all trafic to and from machine. -w write to file, -s0 size of package, host to listen from.

time tcpdump -w ssl_dump -s0 host test.x30.webservices.itsfogo.com

dump all trafic into files of max 100MB. 270MB in reality.

sudo tcpdump -w snoop -s0 -C 100000000

top derivates

apachetop
dnstop
iftop

top over time.

vmstat 2 -n

touch

touch -am 0910120003    Give a new access time on a file 0910120003MMDDhhmmyy

linux

touch -t 197102162324 *

unetbootin

Boot iso image from usb memory.

vi

:set ignorecase
:set list        show all keys.
:set nolist      show their representative.

xargs

locate -ir ".*\.crt$" | xargs -i -t cp {} /temp/ssl/

zip

Zip directory exclude files .svn directory.

zip -r /temp/ssl.zip . -x ".svn/*"