Commands

boot

Booting singe user mode.

kernel ... single

clean

Clean file from comments and blank lines.

sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'

codepage

Change codepage of file.

convmv -f cp850 -t iso-8859-1 --notest *
convmv -f utf8 -t iso8859-1 -r --notest *

cpio

Copy wanted partitions.

#!/bin/bash
ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd /boot/ ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc )" | (cd /mnt/sysimage/boot ; cpio -idvuma )
ssh root@192.168.2.148 "(cd / ; find ./ -xdev -depth -print0 | cpio -o -0Hnewc)" | (cd /mnt/sysimage ; cpio -idvuma )
# -o copy out mode.
# -0 terminated by null character.
# -Hnewc som storing format.
# -i extract copy in mode.
# -d make directories.
# -v verbose.
# -V print dot.
# -u replace all files.
# -m preserve modification time.
# -a preserve access time.

crontab

crontab.

* * * * *  command to be executed
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | +----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
| | | +------- month (1 - 12)
| | +--------- day of month (1 - 31)
| +----------- hour (0 - 23)
+------------- min (0 - 59)
0 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday 

cut

Cuf everything from field 5.

cut -f5- -d ' '

date

date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'
date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M

# date 033121422003.55
Mon Mar 31 21:42:55 PST 2003
date MMDDhhmmCCYY.ss

# 
date --date="+1000 years" +%C%y-%m-%d
date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M
TZ=CEST date --date="-2 hour" +%C%y-%m-%d\ %H:%M

dhclient

[root@wall sysconfig]# cat /etc/dhclient.conf

interface "eth0" {
         prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
         supersede domain-name "bltprojektering.se";
}

diff

sdiff <(echo -e 'hej\nda\nvi\nses\ni\nmorgon') <(echo -e 'hej\ndå\nvi\nSES\ni\nmorgon')

which files differ between servers.

rsync -nrlptDqv --delete --exclude napsjb/server/naps/tmp/ /opt/ongame/ 10.6.21.11:/opt/ongame | less
-n dry run.
-r recursive
-l copy symlinks av symlinks.
-p preserve permission
-t preserve tims.
-D --device --special. Keep special files.
-q quiet
-v verbose

disk

disk usage

baobab

foremost

recover deleted files.

dvgrab

Capture dv material

dvgrab -f dv2 -i -showstatus -s 0 -timestamp California-2

e2fsck

Scan for bad blocks.

e2fsck -ycv /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

edid/ddc

startx -- -logverbose 5.
The EDID information turns up in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

ffmpeg

ffmpeg

ffmpeg -y -deinterlace -aspect 16:9 -author "Andreas Bjorklund" -title "Tanzania" -year 2007 -i Tanzania.m2t -acodec mp3 -vcodec mpeg4 -b 3000k -s 720x540 test.avi

find

Find exluding directory.

find . -wholename '/var/' -prune -o -ls

Find in only files.

find /opt/ongame/ -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /dev/null {} \;

Find text file in directoy execpt directory. Grep for text in that file and show it with colours in less.

find /opt/ongame/ -wholename '/opt/ongame/napsjb/server/naps/tmp' -prune -o -type f -exec grep --color=always -r '/fraud' /dev/null {} \; | less -SR

Find excluding svn.

find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -print

forward traffic

service x11
{
        disable = no
        socket_type = stream
        protocol = tcp
        wait = no
        user = root
        server = /usr/bin/nc
        server_args = 172.28.37.152 6000
}

grep

Colorize grep output.

grep --color=always -r '10\.7\.' /opt/ongame/

Show non comment lines ending with a blank.

find . -name '*.properties' -exec grep --color=always -E '^[^#].*\ $' {} \; | less -SR

grep ip addresses from message file.

sudo grep DHCP /var/log/messages | grep -oir --color=always '192\.168\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*' | sort -u

keyboard

keymaps 
dumpkeys
loadkeys sv-latin1
setxkbmap en

reset corrupt keyboard after using vmware.

setxkbmap

logging

bash create log.

#!/bin/bash
exec > /logfile

alternative

exec 2>/tmp/log

Read logs on system.

tail -f $(lsof | grep log$ |awk '{ print $NF }' | sort -u |xargs)

lshw

Is cpu 32 or 64bit.

lshw -class processor

mail

command line mail with attachment

mutt -a syslogs.tar.gz admin@domain.org < /dev/null

command line mail with changed from

echo -en "\nAndreas is playing\nwith mail\nPlease take care." | /bin/mail -s "Subject written by Andreas" "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org" -- -f "andreas.bjorklund@bwin.org"

man

man correct caracters.

LANG=C man passwd

man clean for output to file.

man [manual] | col -b > file.txt

mbr

backup mbr.

# dd if=/dev/sdX of=/temp/sdx-mbr bs=512 count=1

restore mbr

# dd if=/temp/sdx-mbr of=/dev/sdX bs=446 count=1

mplayer

mplayer in ascii mode.

mplayer -monitoraspect 4:3 -vo aa LinaFreestyler.avi

mplayer on second soundcard.

mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp *.mp3
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.0 *.mp3

Or, to specify a non-default (secondary) device either of the following commands can be used.

mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 *.mp3
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=1.0 *.mp3

play from v4l

mplayer -tv device=/dev/video:driver=v4l:input=1:width=640:height=480:norm=ntsc:adevice=/dev/dsp tv://1 -zoom -aspect 4:3

play hdv material.

mplayer -monitoraspect 16:9 -vf pp=lb

netcat

• Check communication.

listen on port 3333.

nc -l 3333

talk to port 3333.

nc 192.168.0.1 3333

• Transfer data.

Cat file, calculate size listen on port 3333.

cat backup.iso | pv -b | nc -l 3333

Receive file.

nc 192.168.0.1 3333 | pv -b > backup.iso

• Setup telnet server

nc -L -l -p1234 -d -e cmd.exe

• Test connection.

nc -w2 -znv 10.1.22.31 7222

ntfs-3g

mount ntfs filesystem. read and write.

yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g
mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222,locale=en_US
mount /dev/sda1 /media/c_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000,locale=en_US
fstab read and write.
/dev/sda3   /media/e_drive     ntfs-3g    ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0
/dev/sda1   /media/c_drive     ntfs-3g    rw,defaults,umask=0000 0 0

putty

set up tunnel

putty -l bjorklun -pw password -L 19242:192.168.0.42:3389 blt.homeip.net

numbers

series of numbers

bash:
echo {1..10}

rpm

install src.rpm

rpmbuild --rebuild alien-6.51-1.src.rpm
rpm -i /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/alien-6.51-1.rpm

List contents of rpm.

rpm -qlp myfile.rpm

Extract contents of rpm.

rpm2cpio *.rpm | cpio -i --make-directories

Which version of rpm is installed. /etc/rpm/macros

%_query_all_fmt         %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

List only name of installed rpms.

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"

Extract rpms in subdirectories.

for RPM in $(ls *|sed 's_\.rpm$__g');do echo $RPM; mkdir $RPM; rpm2cpio $RPM.rpm | (cd $RPM && cpio -i --make-directories);done

Patch

Update release area Windows.

servicepack.exe -s:z:\w2k3

rsync

Syncronize folders. Delete non existing files on remote host. Compress.

rsync --delete -az -e ssh bjorklun@semco.homeip.net:/install/program/windows/

Syncronize files over ssh on port 2222. Show progress. Syncronize even empty directories.

rsync -Pae 'ssh -p 2222' localhost:/opt/techops/bin/ /opt/techops/bin/

ssh

Automated login on a user basis via ssh.

ssh-keygen -t dsa                    Generate personal ssh keys.
cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys   Copy your personal ssh key to all machines.
chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys    Verify correct access on files.

Tunnel

ssh -nNTx -R 2222:localhost:22 andreasbj@www.halfface.se
-n	Dont take console. Good for background.
-N	Do not execute a remote command
-T	Disable pseudo-tty allocation.
-x	Disables X11 forwarding.
-R port:host:hostport
ssh -N -L 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se
ssh -nNTx -R 2222:www.halfface.se:22 www.halfface.se
ssh -nNTx -R 443:satellite.ongame.com:443 root@10.0.254.30 # Tunnel 443 over ssh from remote host via local host.

reboot

Hard reboot mean that shutdown scripts will not run and machine reboot immediately without syncing hard disk drives, shutdown applications etc.
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger
This commands enable sysrq and after this call fast reboot. If you want to force shutdown machine try this.

Force shutdown

echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 
echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger

vi

:set ignorecase
:set list        show all keys.
:set nolist      show their representative.

touch

touch -am 0910120003    Give a new access time on a file 0910120003MMDDhhmmyy

linux

touch -t 197102162324 *

tcpdump

dump trafic information, -e Print the link-level header on each dump line, -vvv verbose.

tcpdump -e -vvv port 21

dump all trafic to and from machine. -w write to file, -s0 size of package, host to listen from.

time tcpdump -w ssl_dump -s0 host test.x30.webservices.itsfogo.com

dump all trafic into files of max 100MB. 270MB in reality.

sudo tcpdump -w snoop -s0 -C 100000000

search&replace

perl

grep -rsl '10.6.4.102' * | xargs perl -pi -e 's/10.6.4.102/10.6.4.103/'

sed

find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/string1/string2/g' {} \;

Grep for regexp starting with CN= and stop at first occurrence of ,.

grep -oE 'CN=[^,]*,'

pulse audio

sudo /sbin/alsactl restore

printscreen

import -window root test.png

xargs

locate -ir ".*\.crt$" | xargs -i -t cp {} /temp/ssl/

sort

Sort ip address.

sort -t. +0n -1 +1n -2 +2n -3 +3n -4 <ip.list > ip.list.sort

zip

Zip directory exclude files .svn directory.

zip -r /temp/ssl.zip . -x ".svn/*"

password cracking

hydra -l root -P /etc/passwdknown -t 5 192.168.29.62 ssh2