Puppet: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
==Test run puppet==  
 
  puppet agent --test --debug --noop
=== Links ===
==list certificate requests==
{{Webpage|reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/PuppetIntroduction#why-puppet-exists|Puppet Introduction}}
  puppet ca list
{{Webpage|reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/DocumentationStart|General Puppet documentation}}
==list certs==
{{Webpage|reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/LanguageTutorial|Puppet language tutorial}}
  puppet cert list
 
==remove cert==
http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/StyleGuide
  puppet cert clean host.domain.se
http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/GlossaryOfTerms
=remove cache directory=
http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/PuppetIntroduction
  locate puppet/cache
http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/DocumentationStart
[[Category:Applications]]
http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet/wiki/LanguageTutorial
[[Category:Unix]]
http://www.linux-mag.com/id/4141/?r=s
[[Category:Automation]]
 
Puppet-daemons:
*Client:  puppetd  (call with -t and -d option to see what it does)
*Server:  puppetmasterd
 
 
== Puppet installation ==
 
* see [[RD-Computefarm-Checklist]] before starting
* Puppet-Server: puppet.klu.infineon.com (this is a alias that points to kluls231.klu.infineon.com)
* Puppet-rpms:
** puppet-server-0.23.2-1.el4  (Server package)
** puppet-0.23.2-1.el4        (client package)
* The client rpm automatically tries to contact the server with the name puppet.<local-domain>
 
== Puppet configuration ==
=== Configuration directories and files ===
 
(Stored in svn,http://svn.klu.infineon.com/repos/AdminToolKit/trunk/puppet ):
 
 
* /etc/puppet:
** facts  (fact definiton, e.g. sitename, which can be used in the rules afterwards)
** manifests  (definitions and rules,...)
** ssl
** fileserver.conf  (defining where files are served from and to whom)
* /var/lib/puppet:      (place where the puppet-files are stored)
** <site>  (Site specific files, place defined in fileserver.conf)
*** <site>/push
*** <site>/static
 
== Some configuration files with short describtion ==
 
To get a feeling for the language:
 
''/etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp'' (read by the puppetmaster to find out what do to for the site)
#import custom facts
file { $factdir: source => "puppet://$servername/facts", recurse => true }
# import the functions
import "functions.pp"
# import site defenitions
import "sitedef.pp"
# import all of the server classes
import "classes/*"
# Common settings
import "common.pp"
#  vim: set syntax=puppet
 
 
''/etc/puppet/fileserver.conf:''
# This file consists of arbitrarily named sections/modules
# defining where files are served from and to whom
# Define a section 'files'
# Adapt the allow/deny settings to your needs. Order
# for allow/deny does not matter, allow always takes precedence
# over deny
[klu]
path /var/lib/puppet/files/klu    # Files specially for the klu site
allow *.klu.infineon.com          # only machines in KLU see them
[kia]                              # same for the other sites
...
[facts]                            # place for the fact definitions
path /etc/puppet/facts
allow *.infineon.com
 
 
''/etc/puppet/facts''  (example fact definiton)
# returns site name to facter
# ohad.levy@infineon.com
# Solaris returns the LDAP domain instead of DNS domain
Facter.add("sitename") do
        setcode do
                %x{hostname | cut -c 1-3}.chomp
        end
end
 
==Useful links==
Autogenerate puppet pp files.
http://cft.et.redhat.com/
 
==Notes==
#1 Configuration Language.
Puppet script.
 
#2 Transaction Layer.
Puppet can run multiple time resulting in the same status of handled files.
Your machines will apply the configuration often (by default, every 30 minutes)
Puppet will only make any changes to the system if the system state does not match the configured state.
 
#3 Resource Abstraction Layer.
Puppet takes care of operating system specific command names. You should only care about configuration. Configuration entries are called resourses.
 
--noop no-op, or dry-run
 
*providers.
makes it possible to use resouce types like file, user, and package.
 
*Modifying the system.
Taking a couple of lines onto the end of your fstab, you use the mount type to create a new resource that knows how to modify the fstab, or NetInfo, or wherever mount information is kept.
 
All resources are simple collections of attributes, some of which change how the resource functions and some of which directly manage the resource (these are called properties).
 
There is another special kind of attribute, those which work on all resources. These are called metaparams, and include things like the log level for the resource or --noop.
 
*Exec Resources
Sometimes, there will not be a resource type already developed for managing the resource you're interested in; for these cases, we provide an exec resource type, which allows you to run external commands, along with hooks to make the exec behave idempotently. For instance, you can create an exec instance that creates a Subversion repository using the svnadmin command, along with a check that causes the command to only get run if the repository does not already exist
 
*Classes
The next step up is to start associating resources; you would normally have at least the sudo package installed, and you'd put both the package and the configuration file into a class: Then you can just call include sudo and both resources would get applied
 
*Inheritance
Puppet supports a limited form of class inheritance, but it's only useful for one thing: Subclasses can override resources defined in parent classes, using a special override syntax
In the sub class above, the resource type (in this case File) is capitalized. This means that we are referring to a type that has already been declared. Using file instead would be illegal since that would result in resource overlap.
 
*Facter Variables
$operatingsystem variable. This variable is set, along with many others, in the top-level scope by the parser, which gets the values from Facter -- you can get a list of all available variables by just running the stand-alone facter script, but you'll also want to know about $ipaddress and $hostname, just to start.
 
*Selectors
  Another new thing is the ? { ... } syntax, which we call a selector and is somewhat similar to the relatively common trinary operator. This tests the variable before the ?, and picks a matching value from the provided list, or the default value if nothing matches. This allows us to provide different values based on the operating system, host name, or just about anything else we want. Note that it is a parse error if no value matches. Also, selectors (as of 0.22.2) are case-insensitive in their matching.
 
*resource reference
The File[sshd_config] syntax is called a resource reference, and it's used to uniquely refer to a resource.
 
*Variables
$myvar = value Puppet will refuse to allow you to assign to the same variable twice in a given class or definition, because it will only ever use the second value and your first value will get thrown away, since all variable assignments are evaluated before any resource specifications.
 
# puppet. Stand alone Puppet Site Manifest Script evaluator. Parses, evaluates, and implements a Site Manifest locally.
# puppetmasterd. Puppet Site Manifest Server Daemon. Runs on each host serving/providing configurations to Puppet client hosts.
# puppetd. Puppet Client Host Configuration Daemon. Runs on each host whose configuration is managed by Puppet. Requests a Host Specific Manifest from a Puppet Manifest Server and implements it locally.
# puppetca. SSL Certificate Authority Server used for receiving cerification requests from puppet clients.
 
 
Backup location.
# Define the bucket
filebucket { main: server => puppet }
 
# Specify it as the default target
File { backup => main }
 
create a CNAME/alias called puppet pointing to your puppet server.
 
install server.
yum -y install puppet-server
 
install client:
  yum -y install puppet ruby-rdoc
 
Verifying Installation on client.
puppetd --waitforcert 60 --test
 
Verify cert on server.
puppetca --list
puppetca --sign newmachine.halfface.se
 
/etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[puppetd]
    # Disable colour output
    color = false
 
There are two types of logging in that default node: the first, warning, is a server-side function to log the message on the server; the second, notify, looks like a resource and is sent to the client. Whether you're looking at the client or server you'll see the message.
 
puppetmaster keys.
ls -la /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/
 
puppetmaster is listening on port 8140
 
Verify client key.
/usr/bin/openssl verify -CAfile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
# /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem: OK
 
Verify server key.
openssl verify -CAfile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
# /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/wwwold.halfface.se.pem: OK
 
Troubleshoot puppetmasterd.
/usr/sbin/puppetmasterd --manifest=/etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp --logdest=/var/log/puppet/puppetmaster.log --debug --trace
 
run puppet once.
/etc/init.d/puppet once
 
If you are just a little paranoid about security, it is much better to generate the certificates on the puppetmaster ahead of time using puppetca --generate HOST and then copy the generated files onto the client during kickstart. To be exact, you need to copy the following files from the puppetmaster to the client (all paths are relative to /var/lib/puppet/ssl on the appropriate machine):
 
  Puppetmaster          Client HOST
  certs/ca.pem          certs/ca.pem
  certs/HOST.pem        certs/HOST.pem
  private_keys/HOST.pem private_keys/HOST.pem
  ca/signed/HOST.pem    public_keys/HOST.pem
 
ls -la certs/ca.pem certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem ca/signed/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
ls -la certs/ca.pem certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem public_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
 
 
 
mv -f /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem.bak
cp certs/ca.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
mv -f /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem.bak
cp certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
mv -f /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem.bak
cp private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
mv -f /var/lib/puppet/ssl/public_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/public_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem.bak
cp ca/signed/wwwold.halfface.se.pem /var/lib/puppet/ssl/public_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
 
Remove certificate of client.
puppetca --clean wwwold.halfface.se
Removing /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
Removing /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
Removing /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/wwwold.halfface.se.pem
 
Generate cerificate for client.
puppetca --generate wwwold.halfface.se
 
List certificates.
puppetca -l -a support
 
You can use puppetrun to trigger the clients to run on specific hosts and (optionally) for specific classes.
puppetrun --class sendmail --host mx0 --host mx1

Latest revision as of 09:19, 7 October 2019

Test run puppet

puppet agent --test --debug --noop

list certificate requests

puppet ca list

list certs

puppet cert list

remove cert

puppet cert clean host.domain.se

remove cache directory

locate puppet/cache
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